Expository Mode (voice of God/narrator)
-Use of a narrator to address the audience directly to present an exposition or explanation and interpret what the audience is seen on screen
-E.g nature documentaries like 'Blue Planet' and 'March of Penguins'
-This uses preferred meaning so that what the media producer wants the audience to receive is received e.g feeling sympathetic for a character
Observational Mode (window of the world/fly on the wall)
-The filmmaker remains hidden behind the camera and is ignored by the surrounding environment so that they will not influence on the actions/events
- There is rough/shaky camera movement because nothing is staged so the camera rushes to keep with the actions
-E.g 'Lifers', 'Big Brother', 'Skint'
Participatory Mode (present filmmaker)
-The filmmaker is present and there is a direct engagement between the filmmaker and the subject
-The filmmaker's impact on the events is recorded and acknowledged
-E.g 'Sicko', 'Human Swarm', 'Food Unwrapped'
Reflexive Mode (awareness of process)
-This acknowledges the construction of a documentary
-This is fabricated as it conveys not necessarily the truth but a reconstruction of the truth
-E.g 'Catfish'
Performative Mode (filmmaker as participant)
-This emphasizes the subjective nature of the filmmaker
-The filmaker is a participant as they most probably want to prove something
-This has an emotional and social impact on the audience
-E.g 'Man vs Food'
Poetic Mode (subjective, artistic,expression)
-Not the typical narrative structure
-This moves from the objective reality and more towards subjective
- There's no continuity or sequence of events
-A particular mood/tone is created through the music
-Perceived as avant garde as it pushes boundaries